In chaining, which approach is usually most efficient?

• A. Shaping
• B. Free Shaping
• C. The method of teaching a complex sequence of behaviors, training the last behavior first and then preceding steps
• D. Stimulus Control

Answer: (C)

In chaining, training the last behavior first and then working backward through the preceding steps is usually the most efficient approach. This method, often called backward chaining, keeps the learner consistently successful on the final outcome, which becomes a strong, reliable reinforcer for the entire sequence. Once the last step is mastered, you add the step before it in front of the known sequence, using the already-learned end as the cue. This reduces the number of prompts needed, maintains motivation, and prevents the learner from disengaging partway through a long chain because they’re already experiencing success with the completed outcome.

Shaping or free shaping can build a behavior, but they’re not as efficient for fixed sequences because they build the chain through numerous approximations rather than ensuring the whole sequence is completed and reinforced. Stimulus control focuses on cues triggering a behavior rather than the most efficient way to assemble a multi-step chain. So, training the final step first and then adding earlier steps tends to yield the quickest, most reliable chain mastery.